オーストラリア政府諮問機関 TPPの便益は疑問 ISDS条項と著作権で警告
農業情報研究所＞グローバリゼーション＞二国間 関係・地域協力＞ニュース2016年7月26日
オーストラリア政府の経済政策アドバイザーである生産性委員会が7月25日、環太平洋パートナーシップ協定（TPP）には便益に疑問を呈する”年次貿易及び援助レビュー”を発表した。
それは、「米国が2016年11月の大統領選挙より前にTPPにサインするかどうか不確かである」が、「TPPには委員会が以前、便益が疑わしいとして警告した規程が含まれる。これらには、著作権とISDS条項が含まれる」としている。ISDSについては、フィリップ・モリスが香港－オーストラリア投資協定に含まれる同条項を使ってオーストラリア・タバコ法（ギラード政府が2012年に制定）を訴え、政府に多大な損害（訴訟費用）を与えた例がある。
ただ、こんな警告が効くかどうか。ターンブル政府はTPPを強く支持している。スティーブン・
なお、大統領選に向けた米国民主党の綱領（最終版）は、TPPを含むすべての貿易協定に適用されるべき”基準”を述べるのみ、調印されたTPPがこの基準を満たすかどうかについては何も言っていない。これにかかわる綱領の文言は次の通りである。
Promoting Trade That is Fair and Benefits American
Workers
Democrats acknowledge that for millions of Americans,
global trade has failed to live up to its promise—with too many countries
breaking the rules and too many corporations outsourcing jobs at the expense of
American workers and communities. Over the past three decades, America has
signed too many trade deals that have not lived up to the hype. Trade deals
often boosted the profits of large corporations, while at the same time failing
to protect workers’ rights, labor standards, the environment, and public health.
We need to end the race to the bottom and develop trade policies that support
jobs in America. That is why Democrats believe we should review agreements
negotiated years ago to update them to reflect these principles. Any future
trade agreements must make sure our trading partners cannot undercut American
workers by taking shortcuts on labor policy or the environment. They must not
undermine democratic decision-making through special privileges and private
courts for corporations, and trade negotiations must be transparent and
inclusive.
Democrats’ priority is to significantly strengthen
enforcement of existing trade rules and the tools we have, including by holding
countries accountable on currency manipulation and significantly expanding
enforcement resources. China and other countries are using unfair trade
practices to tilt the playing field against American workers and businesses.
When they dump cheap products into our markets, subsidize state-owned
enterprises, devalue currencies, and discriminate against American companies,
our middle class pays the price. That has to stop. Democrats will use all our
trade enforcement tools to hold China and other trading partners
accountable—because no country should be able to manipulate their currencies to
gain a competitive advantage. While we believe that openness to the world
economy is an important source of American leadership and dynamism, we will
oppose trade agreements that do not support good American jobs, raise wages, and
improve our national security. We believe any new trade agreements must include
strong and enforceable labor and environmental standards in their core text with
streamlined and effective enforcement mechanisms. Trade agreements should crack
down on the unfair and illegal subsidies other countries grant their businesses
at the expense of ours. It should promote innovation of and access to lifesaving
medicines. And it should protect a free and open internet. We should never enter
into a trade agreement that prevents our government, or other governments, from
putting in place rules that protect the environment, food safety, or the health
of American citizens or others around the world. These are the standards
Democrats believe must be applied to all trade agreements, including the
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).